Stress is a rising concern in corporate world

Stress is a rising concern in corporate world Stress is a rising concern in corporate world. In fact, repeat increase in percentage of workers in global economies experiencing a rise in workplace stress. According to survey by Northwestern National Life One-fourth of employees consider their jobs as the number one stressor in their lives. Job life is the most important part of employee life but on other hand it is one of the key reason of stress. Job atmosphere contain with competitive nature that why people in the world are more center in achieving job related goals and ignoring the stressors which influencing their work and life. (Ahsan, Abdullah, Gun Fie, Alam, 2009).Due to stress an organization can suffer serious crisis such as reduction in employee productivity, increase in employee turnover, inferior motivation levels and augment between employee conflicts. The main object of this article is establish a comparative analysis on employee characteristics versus working conditions and identifies the primary cause of job stre ss. Most researchers have the same opinion on certain factor highly stressful in work environment for example organizational culture and function can be stressful due to poor communication, lack of support in problem resolving and higher management failure in defining organizational goals lead to stress. Under or over promotion, poor pay, nature of job causes stress regarding employee personal career development. If management fails to identify the employee roles in organization then role ambiguity and role conflict generate stress. Lack Interpersonal relationships at work, conflict in demands work to home and work overload also multiply the stress effect on employee (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2002) There is multiple Job condition that may lead to stress. Long working hours, infrequent rest break, hectic and routine tasks in shift works, lack in employee skill utilization little sense of control at work place these all work condition can be categorized in design of task which leads to stress. Management Style can causes stress for example lack of employee participation decision making, poor communication hierarchy in the organization, excessively tight controls by the managers creates negative stress among the employees. Depressed organization environment, lesser amount of support from coworkers and deficiency in providing help by supervisors reduces the interpersonal relationships and increase the chances of stress. Role overload with uncertain job expectations and too much work to home responsibility creates stress which leads to role conflict. Rapid changes in political, economic and technology extend stress and increase job insecurity and jamming the opportunity for employee growth. Symptoms of physical stress are headaches or backaches, muscle tension, diarrhea or constipation, nausea, dizziness, Insomnia, Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, weight gain or loss, skin breakouts (hives, eczema), Loss of sex drive and frequent colds. (The Texas AM University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating, 2009) Signs and symptoms of stress can also be caused by other psychological and medical problems. The prime focus of this article is to identify employee behavioral symptoms during stress and how they affect employee physiological wellbeing. Employee behavioral symptoms during stress can be define as increased absenteeism, tardiness, and intentions by workers to quit their jobs-all of which have a negative effect on organizational performance. If the role in an organization is not clear or unclear boundaries of responsibility due to this situation interpersonal friction between the persons involved. Unfortunately, the conflict often categorizes as interpersonal conflict rather than role conflict, and resolution is then complicated and misdirected. (Fisher, c. 1977, Rev. 1985, 2000.) Role conflict is a type of social conflict it is due to when an individual being require to perform more than one role and these role are highly incompatible from each others. In individual case a person responsibility is being torn between multiple roles with in organization or groups or outside the organization. When an employee has to carry out multiple management roles with in one department it can case conflict between supervisor and co-worker roles. In journal role conflict occur due to overlapping of responsibility and obligations to different group. With an organization point of view role conflict can be define, when individual employee have to perform numerous conflicting responsibilities. Role conflict can also be build up within organization boundaries, when employees require to generating more production and on other hand managers demands supervisors for more improve quality controls. Responsibility of results, without sufficient authority to achieve unrealistic objectives leads to role conflict. Employee life can also suffer from work to family role conflict which reduces the organizational commitment. Increase competitive pressures on organizations for increase outcomes and requiring more time for workforce results in less time available for the employees to be with their families. Finding indicates that there was a major contribution of work-family role conflict to organizational commitment. (Akintayo, 2010) Work-family role conflict generates due to various reasons and these can be unique to each individual situation. Source for Work-family Role conflict can be time-related, strain-related or behavior-related and the outcome of role conflict can be in shape of both psychologically and behaviorally stress. Employee feels guilt about spending less time at home due to work overload at work place, lack in social communication with co-workers at work place or family members at home. Work family conflict affects unenthusiastically employee work and family life quality. It is difficult for employee to carry out responsibility in work domain at the cost of neglecting responsibility and time at family domain. Employee inability to socialize due to work load, responsibility of results without sufficient authority and unrealistic objectives leads to stress with the outcome of role conflict effecting employee productivity. Telecom industry in Pakistan has shown rapid growth and proven its importance in economic growth. Many foreign investments are being invested in Pakistan in telecom industry total of 1438.60 million US $ foreign direct investment in telecom sector in year 2007-08. GST/CED Collection from Telecom Sector is Rs. 44.53 billion in 2007-08. Telecom sector share in GDP is 2 % in 2005-06. (Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, 2009) Reason why employee facing stress is due to nature of their job attending non-stop mobile calls, direct interaction with customers and achieving the target within limited time line make the employee stressful (Dollard, Dormann, Boyd, Winefield, Winefield, 2003). Employees have to produce quality through resolving the customer problems so they can remain satisfied while increasing the quantity to reduce the cost by following preset standards. (Suri Rizvi, 2008) There is great rivalry among telecom companies in attempt to gain a larger market share. Due to the enormous competition among different companies, employees are obliged to increase productivity and provide better quality under unrealistic quality controls. This is the ideal situation where stress can easily generates and cause its negative effect on employee productivity. The nature of call center job also posses necessary ingredients which are identify by the scholars for role conflict. This article provides the information how an employee effect by stress which cases role conflict. Another objective is to identification of key factor which cases stress, role conflict and their relationship with employee productivity. Testing relationship among these factors and there outcome with the help of quantitative tools. This research can provide benefits to company owners, CEO, managers and supervisors, how they can develop the stress free workplace culture. It can also be use as a guide line in prevention and control of the causes of job stress and role conflict. The outcome of this research can be low employee turnover, reduction in workplace conflict and increase in productivity. Organization can reduce the impact of stressors by minimize the role conflict and role ambiguity by developing such policies which gave employee more authority, so they can perform their work activities. Stress affects the performance of employees for last three decades comprehensive work has been done in this regard. The source and outcome of stress are dissimilar in every individual case that why its hard to held responsibility of stress on few stressors. Rising development and expansion in markets and businesses establish the need for more research on stress, how work related stressor effect performance and predict the effect of workplace stressor. Researchers are keen to build up intervention designed which reduces the possible negative impact of stressor on job performance. (Gilboa, Fried, Shirom, Cooper, 2008). Study has point out the following familiar sources of job stress with in organizational environment which can affect employee wellbeing. Role ambiguity is the vague categorization of rite, duties, responsibility and limitation that describe employees job. Work relationships such as employee relationship with its coworkers and mangers. Employee communication gap with its coworkers can cause stress. Employees feels that they have proper training, resources, equipment and tools to perform their task. Career advancement refers to employee expectations and prospects to growth within organization. Lack of opportunity in growth increases the stress. Insecurity of losing job and uncertainty about the future also cultivate stress. Lack in decision making, authority and control at work sturdily correlate with stress. Work-home interface also cause the stress, when work responsibility spill over with employee home life. This can create complexity in employee relationship outside the work specia lly when employee experiencing lack of social support. Workload refers to when employees are unable to produce or fulfill the work requirement according to what is ask to them. When employees are expected to perform more with in limited time or resources allocate to them, in the result employee experience stress at workplace. Compensation and benefits gives employee the feeling of self-worth and their value to the organization. The nature and structure of job can cause stress job such as how much physical working is require, what would be the working conditions, how much challenging and experience would be drive from the job and type of tasks. (Coetzee Villiers, 2010). Work-related factors can be formulate due to work over load when job is requiring more output and attention in limited duration or underutilization of employees skills and they start feeling that their knowledge and experience is ignore and wasted. When employee starting to realize that his job is boring or tedious. (Green, et al., 1995). Job or role ambiguity creates stress when job requirement are not formally designed and worker are uncertain about their responsibilities and duties. (Beehr, 1985). Role ambiguity negatively correlated with employee creativity but role conflict when mediate by self-efficacy show positive link with employee creativity. Future more self-efficacy and job satisfaction provide weak mediators link between role conflicts. Conversely lone job satisfaction provide weak mediator link between role ambiguity and creativity. (Tang Chang, 2010) Employee has to manage the numerous roles at the same time. Whenever time dedicated at work make difficult to fulfill his family roles requirements then work to family conflict generates and the outcome of this conflict is stress. (Greenhaus Beutell, 1985) Employee has to develop their professional skills in order to meet the changing requirement due to advancements in technology. In the absence of advance knowledge individual feels job insecurity. These technological advancements make the workplace more complicate and stressful. (Tse, 2010) In service provider occupation lack in professional aspect (autonomy, client satisfaction and collegiality) and greater Bureaucratic Conditions (formalization and reutilization) leads to work overload and role conflict which is correlate with unmet expectation. Higher unmet expectation linked with higher job stress. Unmet expectations play important role in organizational-professional conflict because in bureaucratic structure organizations employees consider that their skills and abilities are being run over which harms employee expectations and case stress. (Lait Wallace, 2002) Individual with strong internal locus of control are less effect by work stress as compare the one with an external locus of control. Support from coworkers and supervisors are beneficial in reducing workload stressors. Work stress is positive correlated with depression and resource is negatively correlated with depression. Resource consider as a coworker and supervisor lend a hand in workload and strength the individual internal locus of control. Supervisor support narrowed down the prediction for role conflict. (Stanley, Muramatsu, Heller, Hughes, Johnson, Valles, 2010) In Meta analysis seven stressors have been identified (job performance: role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload, job insecurity, work-family conflict, environmental uncertainty, and situational constraints) and they show negative correlation with job performance. Investigation of moderators relationship is highly negative correlated with role overload with performance in managers as compare with subordinates. (Gilboa, Fried, Shirom, Cooper, 2008) Autonomy at work reduce the role conflict and positive link with job satisfaction (R u y t e r, W e t z e l s, F e i n b e r g, 2001). The consequences of stress within organization are increase turnover, absenteeism and employee low productivity. Employee productivity is interlink with work environment .Employer should articulate work environment in such manner that the challenging task can be accomplish in a productive way. Encouraging work environment motivate employees and bad working conditions contribute to low productivity of employees. (Taiwo, 2010)

American Pastoral :: essays research papers

The Failure to Develop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people stutter; however people usually outgrow stuttering. But it is not something that people just do for a short while to attract attention. People who do stutter are actually really embarrassed by it and the attention they receive from stuttering and fear the next time that it will happen. They will often avoid situations in which stuttering will be a problem. Stutterers have no control over when they stutter or don’t. Contrary to the therapist in the novel American Pastoral, stuttering is not an idea conjured up in ones head to gain attention. It is not a psychological problem that comes and goes as one needs it, or when it would be beneficial to a person. Because the truth is, a stutterer never finds it beneficial to have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research has shown that stuttering is one hundred percent physiological, and not at all psychological. The psychiatrist â€Å"got Merry thinking that the stutter was a choice she made, a way of being special that she had chosen and then locked into when she had realized how well it worked†(95). The belief that you will not stutter has no effect on your speech. The anticipation of stuttering does not cause stuttering (5). Stuttering is a developmental disorder that starts in the early childhood and nothing Merry did could change that. It develops at the same time as children learn â€Å"grammar, accents, and other fundamentals of speech and language†(1). When children fail to learn â€Å"speech breathing, vocal fold control, and how to articulate sounds†(1) that is when they develop disfluencies, which can turn into stuttering or stammering. If children do not learn these fundamentals at the right critical time, it is difficult or impossible to learn later. Children will develop these problems between the ages of two and six, when development is most crucial. Which is around the age that Merry developed the stutter in the novel. Usually people will not develop speech problems past the age of eleven. More boys than girls develop speech disorders. Which is why it was even more rare for Merry to have the stutter because it’s not as common in girls. Even then, the girls tend to outgrow their problems, up until their forties. . It is difficult to determine who will outgrow and who will not (4). Merry did eventually outgrow her stutter though. The first time her dad saw her again after the long absence, he couldn’t believe â€Å"she had attained control, mental and physical, over every sound she uttered†(246).

Descriptive on Crashing While Cycling

Acquainted with the night I have been acquainted with the night. I have walked out in rain-and back in rain I have out walked the furthest city light I have looked down the saddest city lane I have passes by the watchman on his beat And dropped my eyes unwilling to explain Acquainted with the Night by Robert Frost I slowly emerge from my slumber to the escalating sound of my alarm clock. The door creaks as I turn with the flashlight around the corner. I navigate my way to the front door and slowly close it behind me. I put on my skin -tight cycling kit and start to push my bike to the gate.I look up and am acquainted with the still dark night sky staring at me†¦ The air is still misty and a slight breeze hits to signal the storm ahead. I clip in and slowly start to free wheel down the gradual hill. I meet up with the group and we greet one another. We are all advised of what the different non verbal gestures imply and to be vigilant on the road at all times, and then we set off in groups. As we cycle through the suburbs, we turn our heads from side to side looking down the deserted roads, trying not to attract attention.Our pupils are still exposed to the pitch black of the night and are getting bigger and bigger trying to absorb as much light as possible to see the way forward. We stride forward two abreast. Our lungs are scorched with the ever growing cold of the air, piercing them grasping at every gasp of air. Lights are now starting to appear around us, signalling that the city is slowly waking up. The sky is still dark and we have switched on our bicycle lights to illuminate our way. Now, for miles ahead we can see the blinking of red lights in the distance speeding past us.I meet up with the main road and start to wipe the sweat from my brow and adjust my glasses. The air is chilly and I see the watchman on his beat wrapped in a blanket trying desperately to keep warm. We near our first climb of the morning cycle. I lock my legs and a low gear for t he optimum power necessary to tackle this overwhelming sight in front of me. As I descend down the ever so steep hill, I gain momentum with every rotation of my wheel and crouch down to gain more speed. I pull my legs up to lessen the drag and gain even more peed. The bike starts to become unstable and, with the slightest movement the bike starts to sway to a great degree I hold on with great force in a desperate attempt not to lose control. I am about to hit the trough of the slope and loosen my posture when I hit a pot hole. As I career through the air like a missile locked onto a target, I make contact with the smooth, yet abrasive tar. I quickly try and unclip to balance myself but it is no use I have no platform to do so and just prepare for the worst.As I hit the deck, my tyres are the first to go with a huge pop. I now have no control over what is coming next. The rims buckle and warped from the immense pressure and I am going down. I try to put my hand in front of me to brea k the fall but it isn’t well thought out and, with a huge thud, my arm simply folds into itself and scraps across the floor at lightening speed. My shorts are quickly getting shredded, and soon my thigh will be too. Everyone is trying to dodge me and another cyclist in his effort to avoid me came to a halt colliding into a barrier.The only thing going through my head at the time is that my bike is now no more than a mangled piece of scrap metal. My bruised and battered body lies helplessly on the asphalt caged under my bicycle. My leg is in agony which is exacerbated by the bike lying on it. I scream for help hoping that I will be heard. I hear from a distance the screeching of tyres and the unclipping of cleats. The team is soon racing towards me and I can hear them shouting in the distance. I slowly drift off looking up to the stars†¦

Free Essays on Why Blacks Would Be Religious During Slavery

"Why Blacks would be religious during slavery" Religion has always been a strong factor in the Black community. Many of us have grown up knowing and worshipping our Christian God. What many fail to realize is that this has not always been the case. In Africa, before the Middle Passage, natives practiced many different religions and were very spiritual. While being brought forcibly from their homeland, Africans were also forcibly removed from their religion. Former practices were not allowed and the spirits of the slaves were constantly tried and consistently broken. When the slaves were encouraged to, and finally adopted the religion of their masters, it was for a variety of different reasons. Everyone needs something to believe in, something which gives hope. If you stand for nothing, you fall for anything. Slaves lived in such poor conditions with no hopes of differing circumstances, to have religion, and believe that there is a purpose to life and situations in it gives people the motivation to survive. Religion was also an outlet to the everyday toilsome work that the slave life consisted of. Sundays at church and gathering for meetings at the "bottoms" allowed for rest, fellowship, and togetherness. One of the more important concepts religion allowed for, was an avenue by which slaves could communicate with each other. By singing religious hymns, that held underlying meanings, slaves could deliver and receive important messages without the master suspecting foul play. Faith is a powerful weapon against people and a life set against someone . Without religion, slaves would have had very little to believe in and very few to trust.... Free Essays on Why Blacks Would Be Religious During Slavery Free Essays on Why Blacks Would Be Religious During Slavery "Why Blacks would be religious during slavery" Religion has always been a strong factor in the Black community. Many of us have grown up knowing and worshipping our Christian God. What many fail to realize is that this has not always been the case. In Africa, before the Middle Passage, natives practiced many different religions and were very spiritual. While being brought forcibly from their homeland, Africans were also forcibly removed from their religion. Former practices were not allowed and the spirits of the slaves were constantly tried and consistently broken. When the slaves were encouraged to, and finally adopted the religion of their masters, it was for a variety of different reasons. Everyone needs something to believe in, something which gives hope. If you stand for nothing, you fall for anything. Slaves lived in such poor conditions with no hopes of differing circumstances, to have religion, and believe that there is a purpose to life and situations in it gives people the motivation to survive. Religion was also an outlet to the everyday toilsome work that the slave life consisted of. Sundays at church and gathering for meetings at the "bottoms" allowed for rest, fellowship, and togetherness. One of the more important concepts religion allowed for, was an avenue by which slaves could communicate with each other. By singing religious hymns, that held underlying meanings, slaves could deliver and receive important messages without the master suspecting foul play. Faith is a powerful weapon against people and a life set against someone . Without religion, slaves would have had very little to believe in and very few to trust....

Using the five key concepts, compare and contrast Erin Brockovich with The Insider Essays

Using the five key concepts, compare and contrast Erin Brockovich with The Insider Essays Using the five key concepts, compare and contrast Erin Brockovich with The Insider Essay Using the five key concepts, compare and contrast Erin Brockovich with The Insider Essay Essay Topic: Film Audience: Both texts are of a socialist realist genre. They both tell the tale of working class people attempting to blow the whistle on a much larger corporation which is intentionally poisoning or polluting a commodity which consumers are obliviously utilizing. In the case of Erin, its the water supply which is being contaminated with a carcinogenic known as chromium-6. It is found later that it causes miscarriage, growth disorders and spinal problems in many of the people of Hinckley. The Insider tells the story of a middle-aged family-man who is made redundant for no apparent or plausible reason before being persuaded to go on a show watched by millions, 60 Minutes to expose his employers as lacing cigarettes and making them even more hazardous to health. Both films portray the little mans struggle. They tell the David versus Goliath story with which the audience can empathise because they are on their level. The demographic majority of movie-goers would feel compassion for the protagonists because they face the great exertion that is daily life for say, a single-parent mother struggling to cope with her three children and lack of career; or the middle aged, stressed out ex-corporate employee with a family to support and a house to keep. Values Ideology: Since both films are attempting to capture a real life feeling, the language is colloquial, and often littered with swear words. However, behind their language lies the narrative the two respective directors wanted us to see: a person coping with immense stress. Crowes portrayal of a man under stress is exquisite, from the tone of the voice to the way he sits; he raises the intensity of the film to an almost unbearable level. Considering the difference between his character in Gladiator, Crowe does excellently in adjusting to the unheroic but determined family man he plays in Wigand. Julia Roberts sets out with nothing to lose, but ultimately gains everything she could ask for (including a six-month relationship with a man who adores her children). Its inspiring to watch, and gives the audience something to take away from the experience. Representation: Both directors use certain conventions to escalate the idea that we are watching true stories. From the way Erin smokes her cigarette after her failed interview, to the tense posture of Wigand in the hotel room as Bergman uncontrollably screams down the phone as he fears for his subjects sanity and perhaps his life. Contrasts are made throughout Erin which are used to prove the necessity of PG Es water monopoly to the people of Hinckley the scenery is barren, desolate. From the parched terrain of Hinckley to the courtroom saturated in red tape the respective corporations in each film are represented as overpowering, manipulative and even corrupt. Representation: The sheer financial power of PG E is shown in Erin Brockovich when they are quoted as being a $30 billion corporation, but their manipulative yet inconsiderate representative offers $250000 as a settlement which Erin comically discards. Institutions: Both films provide whats expected of characters with immense responsibilities whilst coping with enormous stress. Despite her professed aversion for lawyers (I hate lawyers! ), she incarnates many of the skills a lawyer needs to make a case go. As Erin tells us in the beginning of the film, she is good with people: a lawyerly skill just as important as legal research. Her ability to relate to the clients pain sets up the dynamic which allows the lawsuit against the giant utility to get off the ground. At the beginning of The Insider, Wigand becomes a rock under the pressure, and copes rather well before the corporate giants he faces at his dismissal. He is a family man, worrying about health benefits being lost after his redundancy because his daughter suffers from asthma. One of my favourite scenes in the film is when he comforts her: So whats whats happening to you now is cells called mast cells told your lungs dont breathe any more of that dust in. and the airways in your lungs are like branches. And when the branches close up, you get an asthmatic attack. And, we give you medicine, and you get better. Huh? Okay? Youre better already, arent you? By portraying both characters as loving and compassionate in their homes, yet determined, unwavering individuals against the outside world, the directors provided a perfect model for the real-life stories involved. Language: The scripts used for each protagonist involves a lot of swearing, which in my opinion is justified because it portrays the torment and anxiety they are facing. Erin is brash, upfront and is reluctant to authority. Wigand on the other hand is rather submissive to his past employers, but soon comes out of his shell when faced with the crisis affecting his family. The forceful speech in each text creates a sense of urgency and pressure, yet whilst in the home they are caring and benevolent, providing further contrasts to their character.

weapons essays

weapons essays The Revolutionary War and the Civil War may seem very different at first glance due to their differences in time. But actually they were very similar in many ways. One way in which they were so similar is in the weapons they used. Many of the weapons used in the Civil War were either the same or based off of the weapons from the American Revolution. One very important similarity is the use of black gun powder. Black gun powder was the primary source of firing power in both the American Revolution and also the Civil war. It was used to fire all of the artillery and all of the calvery. But a very big problem with black gun powder was that it fouled very fast. This was a major issue because it ment that they could not hold on to it for very long or it would go bad. So they would have to be prepared for those long trips and battles. Black gun powder was also very messy and would get all over the soldiers and there equipment. This kept it very hard for them to stay clean and also sanitary which brought on a lot of disease. Black gun powder played a major role in both wars. The use of black gun powder made the weapons used very similar. Cannons and Howitzers (shorter- barreled cannons with a chamber) were very important weapons in both wars. Cannons were very important to the armies because of there ability to shoot long distances. This made it possible for the armies to have less hand to hand combat. Cannons from both wars were also made from the same materials. Iron and bronze were the most common materials used. Even though cannons were very important in the wars they were also very scarce. The cannons were very heavy and took many horses to move them from battle to battle. This would slow down the troops. So they did not have many cannons if any at all. Howitzers were used mainly by the navy because of there short barrels and chamber at the base of the gun. Th...

Wikis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wikis - Assignment Example can observe how the business offers its services and products by reading other people’s comments, therefore, getting attracted to the business if it has good ratings. This would bring new customers to the business. Thirdly, potential customers seek to work with companies that they can trust. A business that has a wiki creates an atmosphere of trust by showing that it accepts criticism if a service is rendered poorly. Therefore, many businesses that develop wikis are thought to deliver quality services, therefore, attracting new customers (Wagner and Majchrzak 17). The wiki can be critical to the employees as it would offer a platform where they can communicate with the customers, thus making them understand what the business is all about. It also ensures that the employees are treated well in the business to ensure that their comments are in the company’s favor. Partners can view the company’s progress through the wiki by reading the comments and assessing them to see if quality services and products are offered (Wagner and Majchrzak 21). Wikis bear ethical and security concerns in that any individual can add content, which may be offensive or not be relevant to the topics. Secondly, people assume that the wikis can be edited or written in favor of a particular issue, thus reducing credibility. Thirdly, wikis can be tampered with using malware applications or viruses (Cummings 6). The company can address these issues by ensuring that the users are registered before gaining access to the wiki. This helps to detected changes and identifies users’ presence. Antivirus programs can be used to detect malware programs that could be harmful to the computers (Wagner and Majchrzak 37). Cummings, Robert E.. Wiki Writing Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom. Ann Arbor: Digital Culture Books, an imprint of the University of Michigan Press and the University of Michigan Library, 2008.